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How LocateIQ Works

Real-time quality scoring for underground utility locates. Know before you leave the field whether your data is relocatable.

What is LocateIQ?

LocateIQ is an iOS field data collection app built for underground utility locating professionals. It connects directly to electromagnetic (EM) locate receivers and high-precision GNSS equipment, captures every data point in real time, and scores the quality of each locate.

Every point you collect gets a Locate IQ Score (0–100+) that answers the question every locator and project manager needs answered:

"If someone comes back with a GPS receiver, can they find this utility again?"

LocateIQ publishes directly to ArcGIS Online or ArcGIS Enterprise — no CSV exports, no manual uploads. Your field data appears on your organization's web maps in real time with full symbology, scoring, and attribution.

How Locate IQ Scoring Works

Underground utility locating produces two categories of data that determine relocatability: EMF field quality (are we actually over the utility?) and GNSS quality (can we get back to this spot?). LocateIQ scores both, then combines them into a single actionable number.

Poor Moderate Excellent
97 / 100

EMF Field Quality

"Are we over the utility?"

EM locate receivers measure the electromagnetic field generated by current flowing through a buried conductor. LocateIQ captures and scores four aspects of that field:

Signal Strength

Is the receiver getting a usable signal? Too weak means the utility is deep or poorly energized. Pegged at 100% means the receiver is saturated. LocateIQ rewards the sweet spot and penalizes both extremes.

Null Alignment

The null indicator shows whether the receiver is centered directly over the conductor. Zero deflection = directly overhead. LocateIQ scores how tightly centered each reading is.

Compass Bearing

The compass indicates alignment with current flow. When it reads 0° or 180°, the receiver is aligned with the conductor. Deviation means you may be picking up interference or a parallel utility.

Current Consistency

LocateIQ builds a current model along the entire line using every reading as an anchor. It compares actual vs. expected current. Consistent current means you're following one continuous conductor.

GNSS Quality

"Can we get back to this spot?"

Even a perfect EM locate is useless for relocation if the GPS coordinates are poor. LocateIQ scores three GNSS factors:

1

Fix Type

RTK Fixed is best (centimeter accuracy), followed by RTK Float, DGPS, and standalone GPS. No fix = no score.

2

Horizontal Accuracy

The reported accuracy from the GNSS receiver, scored from sub-centimeter (excellent) to >5 meters (unusable for relocation).

3

Satellite Count

More satellites = better geometry = more reliable position. A penalty is applied when fewer than 10 satellites are tracked.

Consistency Field Check (CFC)

LocateIQ estimates expected depth at each point using the current slope model and the antenna's normalized gain. It then compares this estimated depth to the actual depth reading from the receiver.

When they agree, you have independent confirmation that the signal, current, and depth are all telling the same story. This cross-validation catches situations where individual readings look fine but the physics don't add up.

The Combined Score

Each point's Locate IQ Score is the weighted average of all available component scores (0–100). At the line level, scores are averaged across all points, with bonus points for AGM (Above Ground Marker) calibration and attached photos.

< 70
Potential Issues
Weak signal, poor null, bad GPS
70 – 96
Moderate
Usable, review flagged areas
97+
Excellent
Confidently relocatable

Scores update in real time as points are added or removed. Order-dependent metrics (current slope, estimated depth, CFC) are recalculated dynamically using geometric line ordering. Line IQ = weighted average of all point scores + AGM bonus (10 pts per AGM, 5 pts per AGM with photo).

ArcGIS Integration

LocateIQ publishes directly to ArcGIS Online or ArcGIS Enterprise using your organization's existing portal. No middleware, no staging servers — field data goes straight to your web maps.

Simple Access & Authentication

Users authenticate through their organization's ArcGIS login page with full PKCE protection. LocateIQ never sees or stores passwords — only short-lived tokens managed through your portal. Works out of the box with any ArcGIS Online organization.

Enterprise Custom OAuth (Optional)

Organizations that need tighter control can register a custom OAuth 2.0 Client ID and portal URL. The app only requires minimal permissions from your ArcGIS OAuth setup:

  • Authorization Code grant with PKCE (S256 challenge)
  • Token refresh — offline access for seamless re-authentication
  • Portal self — read the signed-in user's profile and organization info
  • Feature service editing — create, update, and delete features on assigned web maps
  • Redirect URI — one registered callback URI for the iOS app

No admin-level scopes, no access to other users' content, no background data collection. The app requests only what it needs to authenticate and sync field data.

Role-Based Access

LocateIQ respects your ArcGIS role assignments. Editors can create and sync features. Viewers can see shared web maps but cannot modify data. Publishers can create new feature services with Create Custom Map. Your GIS administrator controls who can publish, edit, or view — LocateIQ enforces those permissions automatically.

Editable vs. Read-Only Layers

Feature services are configured with per-layer editing capabilities. Locate point and line layers are editable for field crews. Reference layers (parcels, existing infrastructure, basemap overlays) can be included as read-only so crews see context without risking accidental edits.

Create Custom Maps

Build ArcGIS feature services directly from the app with pre-configured schemas for water, gas, electric, telecom, sewer, and general utility layers. Each layer includes industry-standard symbology, coded value domains, and the full LocateIQ scoring attribute set.

LocateIQ supports any ArcGIS Online organization or ArcGIS Enterprise portal with OAuth 2.0 enabled. Configuration is managed per-company through the LocateIQ admin dashboard — no app-level changes needed for new deployments.

View full layer schemas →

Cloud-Managed NTRIP Corrections

RTK corrections require NTRIP credentials (caster address, port, mountpoint, username, password). Instead of configuring each device manually, LocateIQ manages NTRIP credentials centrally in the cloud and pushes them to field devices automatically.

1

Admin Assigns Credentials

Administrators configure NTRIP caster details per company or per user through the LocateIQ dashboard. Credentials are stored securely in the cloud and never exposed in plaintext.

2

App Syncs on Login

When a user signs in, the app pulls their assigned NTRIP configuration automatically. No manual setup, no sharing credentials over email or text.

3

Secure Device Storage

NTRIP passwords are stored in the iOS Keychain on-device — not in preferences or logs. Credentials are rotated or revoked centrally without touching individual devices.

Security

LocateIQ is built for enterprise environments where field data is sensitive and regulatory compliance matters. Security is not an add-on — it's built into every layer of the app.

Data at Rest

  • Database encryption: All local data stored in a SQLCipher-encrypted database using AES-256. Encryption key stored in the iOS Keychain with hardware-backed protection.
  • Photo protection: All photos use iOS Complete File Protection — encrypted at rest and inaccessible when the device is locked. AGM calibration photos stored as encrypted BLOBs directly in the database.
  • Offline map tiles: Cached basemap tiles protected by iOS device encryption and app sandbox isolation.

Authentication

  • ArcGIS OAuth 2.0 with PKCE: Your credentials are entered on your organization's portal login page — never in LocateIQ. PKCE prevents token interception even on mobile networks.
  • Token storage: All tokens stored exclusively in the iOS Keychain (Apple's hardware-encrypted credential store). Legacy tokens automatically migrated and purged.
  • Offline access PIN: Optional 6-digit PIN hashed with PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256 (300,000 iterations) with unique per-user salt. Rate-limited: 5 failed attempts triggers 30-second lockout.
  • Session timeout: Configurable "Lock On Return" timeout (30 seconds to 5 minutes) requiring PIN re-entry.

Data in Transit

  • All API communication over HTTPS/TLS.
  • ArcGIS tokens transmitted in POST body (not URL query strings) to prevent leakage in server logs.
  • NTRIP credentials stored in Keychain; Basic Auth headers redacted from all logs.

Data Deletion Policy

  • Soft delete (default): Deleted features are timestamped locally and retained for 30 days. On ArcGIS, the Note field is updated with a deletion timestamp — geometry retained for audit trail.
  • Hard delete (company policy controlled): When enabled by your administrator, features are permanently removed from both local storage and ArcGIS. Cannot be enabled by individual users.

Access Control

  • Projects scoped to the signed-in ArcGIS user and organization.
  • Your ArcGIS administrator controls who can access web maps and feature services.
  • LocateIQ respects your organization's sharing and permission model.

Recommended Enterprise Policies

  • Enforce offline PIN for all field users
  • Set "Lock On Return" to 30–60 seconds in high-security environments
  • Use MDM (Mobile Device Management) to enforce device passcode and OS encryption
  • Assign unique ArcGIS accounts to each user with least-privilege roles

Compliance Mapping

LocateIQ's security controls map to common compliance frameworks. For detailed SOC 2 / ISO 27001 control mapping, contact us for our security documentation package.

Control Area Implementation
Encryption at restSQLCipher AES-256, iOS Keychain
Encryption in transitHTTPS/TLS, PKCE
AuthenticationArcGIS OAuth 2.0 + PKCE
Session managementConfigurable lock timeout + PIN
Access controlArcGIS user/org scoping
Data retentionSoft delete with 30-day purge
Audit trailDeleted features retained on ArcGIS
Credential storageiOS Keychain (hardware-encrypted)

Relevant Standards & Resources

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